ABSTRACT
East Java Province has the fourth-highest number of COVID-19 cases among all other provinces Indonesia. This study aimed to examine the spatial effect on confirmed cases of COVID-19 and the risk factors. Data were analyzed using Geoda software to obtain Global Moran's Index and Local Spatial Autocorrelation (LISA) and QGIS 2.8.1 software to make a map. Moran's I scatter plots also used to exploring the bivariate association between COVID-19 cases and potential predictors. The Global Moran's I statistics value shows spatial clustering in COVID-19 cases across the municipalities of East Java Province (Moran's I=0.3986). A positive spatial autocorrelation was observed between COVID-19 cases and population density (Moran's I = 0.2059), vaccination coverage (Moran's I = 0.322), the number of laboratories (Moran's I = 0.2322), ratio of health worker (Moran's I = 0.1617), and household (Moran's I = 0.0866). In comparison, a negative spatial correlation was observed between COVID-19 cases and The Enforcement of Restrictions on Community Activities' levels (Moran's I =-0,2420), average number of family member (Moran's I = 0.0115). The LISA cluster map shows that there were 3 hot spots (Surabaya, Gresik, and Sidoarjo) and 3 cold spots (Sampang, Pamekasan, and Sumenep). Copyright © 2023, Institute of Medico-legal Publication. All rights reserved.
ABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: A digital surveillance system for dengue control has the potential to be developed in reporting and management. The increasing number of dengue cases requires an integrated case reporting system. AIM: This study aims to evaluate paper-based systems and the potential development of digital environmental technology in dengue control. METHODS: In-depth qualitative interviews were conducted using 14 key informants with the head of the city health office, the head of the Puskesmas, the head of dengue surveillance, the head of the dengue hemorrhagic fever program. Four focus group discussions with the jumantik coordinator, and the village head from May-August 2021 in Denpasar City, Bali. The theme of the interview was about epidemiological and entomological surveillance, obstacles to the dengue control program, the potential for applying digital technology, and the challenges of applying digital surveillance technology. Furthermore, open-ended questions and content analysis by qualitative study procedures were adopted. Transcribed verbatim and triangulation of sources were conducted for data validation. RESULTS: The reporting system that used paper-based was not optimally implemented due to repetition of reporting, speed of information, data bias, performance measurement as well as case surveillance and reporting system constraints. An integrated digital environmental surveillance system (SILIRA) was also developed for dengue control. In the current Covid-19 pandemic, the need for digital applications is high due to the policy of not accepting guests and keeping a distance. Epidemiological surveillance for case data collection, entomological surveillance for larva density, case reporting, and educational videos are the required data in the application. CONCLUSION: Digital environmental surveillance has the potential to be used for dengue control. Through an integrated digital surveillance system, policies for dengue control can be carried out quickly and precisely.
ABSTRACT
The world is currently experiencing a COVID-19 pandemic. More than 5 million people have been infected with COVID-19 and more than 300 thousand have died from this virus worldwide. In Indonesia, the number of infected people has reached more than twenty thousand people and more than one thousand people have died from this virus. During the COVID-19 pandemic, Case Fatality Rate was a very important measure for many people because death is very important to each person, including questions of when and how death will occur and whether there is any way to delay it. However, caution is needed in calculating and displaying CFR. This paper will present the uses and the weaknesses of CFR in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic in Indonesia.